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Chine et exploration de Mars

reflets de mars

 

Selon des scientifiques chinois de la China Academy of Space Technology (CAST), un plan chinois d'exploration martienne est actuellement à l'étude et pourrait débuter par l'envoi à partir de novembre 2013 d'une sonde vers la planète Mars. La Chine serait ainsi la quatrième puissance spatiale mondiale à envoyer une sonde vers Mars, après les Etats-Unis, la Russie et l'Union Européenne.

Selon M. Yang Baohua de la CAST, la sonde, d'une masse de 1.04 kg et pouvant accueillir 110 kg de charge utile, pourrait être placée à une orbite de transfert Terre-Mars avant de rejoindre dix mois plus tard la planète rouge autour de laquelle elle se placerait en orbite, pour une mission de deux ans maximum. Si le gouvernement n'a pas encore validé le projet, M. Yang indique que les missions chinoises vers Mars seront incontournables dans le cadre du programme spatial chinois et représenteront la tendance future des explorations du pays dans l'espace.

Selon M. Ye Peijian, le concepteur de la première sonde lunaire chinoise Chang'e-1, la distance Terre-Mars varie entre 55 millions et 400 millions de kilomètres selon la période de l'année. Cette distance impose une expertise technique de contrôle et de suivi de vol suffisamment développée pour permettre une grande autonomie à la sonde dans ses manoeuvres. Il ajoute que si le plan technique élaboré par la CAST n'est pas le plus avancé des plans d'exploration de l'espace lointain déjà existants, il est cependant réalisable en un temps très court. Il représenterait un investissement de moins d'1.4 milliards de yuans (154.6 millions d'euros), soit moins que le coût de la sonde lunaire Chang'e-1. Indépendamment de ce plan, la Chine devrait envoyer en 2011 vers Mars le micro-satellite Yinghuo-1.

A ce jour pour 41 sondes d'exploration envoyées vers Mars, 21 missions ont échoué.

 

 

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